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Gifts · Japan

Avoid gift sets of four or nine

Don't give gifts in sets of four or nine — both numbers are homophones for "death" and "suffering" in Japanese.

JapanGiftsstrictUpdated September 2, 2026

When you’re choosing how many of something to give (a set of cups, pieces of fruit, individually wrapped snacks in a box you’re assembling yourself), avoid landing on four or nine specifically. Other quantities are fine.

Pre-packaged gift sets sold in Japan are already designed around this, so it mostly comes up if you’re building a gift yourself or bringing something from outside the country that happens to come in a set of four.

  • This is the Japanese counterpart to Korea’s “avoid sets of four” — same homophone logic (four/death), with nine added as a second unlucky number specific to Japan.
  • It’s most strictly observed with gifts to elders, hospital visits, and formal occasions — casual gifts among friends are more relaxed about it.

Why it matters

Four (四, shi) can be read the same way as the character for death, and nine (九, ku) overlaps with a reading for suffering or torture (苦), so both numbers carry the same kind of bad-omen weight that 13 carries in the West, and 4 does in Korea for the same homophone reason. It shows up beyond gifts too, some hospitals skip room numbers 4 and 9, and hotels sometimes skip labeled 4th floors, but the rule is most actively enforced around gift quantities specifically.

Source: Japanese Gift Giving Etiquette – Bokksu

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